Late Night Today

Late Night Today is for our readers who can’t stay awake to watch the shows. Everyone deserves a good laugh.

Last week Tonight with John Oliver

Lost Graphics Vol. 4 (Web Exclusive)

John Oliver shares some of his favorite graphics that never made it to air.

Full Frontal with Samantha Bee

Washington D.C. Needs to (Puff Puff) Pass Marijuana Legalization Pt. 1

Despite growing support for federal marijuana legalization, the fight for legal weed blazes on. But it’s high time our nation reckoned with its racist demonization of marijuana and the communities that have been disproportionately burned by it. Part 1 of 2.

Washington D.C. Needs to (Puff Puff) Pass Marijuana Legalization Pt. 2

Reality Winner: The Story of an NSA Whistleblower as told by Samantha Bee (Director’s Cut)

After blowing the whistle on Russian interference in American elections, and effectively ensuring a safe and fair presidential election in 2020, Reality Winner was promptly marked an enemy of the state and sentenced to federal prison. If this has you saying WTF, you’re not alone. With help from Reality’s sister, Brittany Winner, and her attorney, Alison Grinter, Sam dramatically recreates the story of a true American hero.

Sam Reviews Reese’s New Chocolate Makeup Line

As a well-respected and trusted member of the late night community, Sam recognizes the duties that come with the job. Like bravely reviewing Reese’s new candy-inspired makeup line.

The Amber Ruffin Show

Justice Was Served + Amber Tries to Beat a World Record: Week In Review

A jury this week found former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin guilty on all three charges in the murder trial of George Floyd. Plus, a woman in Canada recently broke a “Guinness World Record” for the “Lowest Vocal Note Ever Sung by a Female” by singing the note C1. Naturally, Amber just had to try it out today on the show!

At Last, a Murderer Will Go to Jail

Perhaps the most important part of this week’s news is in fact that former Minneapolis police officer, Derek Chauvin, was found guilty on all three counts. While this is great to hear, it doesn’t mean inequality is over in America. But what DOES matter is that we keep making progress!

Chauvin Guilty on All Counts Yet the Clock Is Still Broken

The Derek Chauvin verdict was widely celebrated this week. It was a rare example of the criminal justice system “getting it right,” after a string of upsetting police brutality trials resulting in freedom or lesser charges for other officers. But, hey, even a broken clock is right twice a day, right? But actually, let’s take a deeper look in a segment we like to call, “A Broken Clock.”

I’m Vaccinated Too, So… Can We Hang?

With a growing number of Americans getting vaccinated, the CDC has released new guidelines about when it is and isn’t safe to be inside with others. Those rules can be a little difficult to remember, but luckily, an R&B group called Silk Press has come out of retirement with a new song to help us keep it all straight. Take a look!

Pondering the Pundits

Pondering the Pundits” is an Open Thread. It is a selection of editorials and opinions from around the news media and the internet blogs. The intent is to provide a forum for your reactions and opinions, not just to the opinions presented, but to what ever you find important.

Thanks to ek hornbeck, click on the link and you can access all the past “Pondering the Pundits”.

Follow us on Twitter @StarsHollowGzt

Brice Covert: The Debate Over What ‘Infrastructure’ Is Is Ridiculous

Both snarled traffic and a morning without a home health aide can make you late for work.

Ask any of the parents who have spent the last year at home with their children, while trying to participate in Zoom meetings, whether child care enables them to show up to work and perform at their best. The direct conflict between children’s need to be cared for during the day and working parents’ need to devote their attention to their jobs exploded into full view during the pandemic, not just for families but for their employers and co-workers. Suddenly it was everyone’s problem. [..]

We’re in the middle of a loud debate over what, exactly, counts as “infrastructure.” The word has come to be associated with the country’s physical assets: our national highway system, the pipes that bring us water and the cables that bring us electricity, the tarmac in our airports and the tracks on our train routes. These things are infrastructure because they are underlying systems that facilitate other critical functions — moving people and goods, connecting communities, delivering necessities. They are important for what they make possible.

But they are not the only systems that undergird critical needs. President Biden’s next legislative priority is fixing the country’s decrepit infrastructure as a way to help the economy rebound from the pandemic, and he’s taking a more expansive view of what falls into that category. The first half of his package expands home- and community-based care for seniors and the disabled, and he has promised to include more so-called soft infrastructure in his follow-up American Family Plan, including investments in child care and paid leave.

Jennifer Rubin: Yes, it’s possible the GOP is worse post-Trump

Republicans repeatedly show they stand outside decent society.

The Republican Party seems to be getting worse. In some cases, it has exceeded the level of dishonesty, bigotry and anti-democratic fervor that it displayed when its MAGA cult leader was in office.

Last week, Sen. Ron Johnson (R-Wis.) had the gall to question the effort to vaccinate people despite their hesitancy. As he told a conservative radio host: “If you have a vaccine, quite honestly, what do you care if your neighbor has one or not?” This he said a time when combating vaccine aversion is most difficult among recalcitrant Republicans. Even the former president wants people to get vaccinated.

Elected Republicans are certainly more disconnected from reality than they were in that fleeting moment after the Jan. 6 attack when they took exception to the disgraced former president’s role in fueling the insurrection. Now, House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) is flat-out lying about the former president’s responsibility for inciting violence, arguing that Donald Trump was unaware of events at the Capitol during a phone conversation that day and acted promptly to diffuse it. This is contrary to McCarthy’s own previous account of the phone call, as well as accounts from others, making his latest spasm of political opportunism at the expense of democracy, truth and decency all the worse.

Joseph E. Stiglitz and Lori Wallach: Preserving intellectual property barriers to covid-19 vaccines is morally wrong and foolish

Joseph E. Stiglitz, co-recipient of the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Sciences, teaches at Columbia University. Lori Wallach is the director of Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch.

New covid-19 variants are spreading quickly. An outbreak anywhere could lead to a more deadly or infectious strain hopping around the globe.

So why, after three months of making great progress on domestic vaccination, has President Biden not ended a self-defeating policy from the Trump administration that hinders a global initiative to increase access to covid-19 vaccines and treatments? More than 100 countries support a temporary waiver of some World Trade Organization rules that guarantee pharmaceutical firms monopoly control over how much medicine is produced, yet the United States remains opposed.

Had WTO members agreed to waive aspects of its agreement on trade-related intellectual property for covid-related medicines when some countries proposed it last October, poor nations might not wait until 2024 for vaccines, as projected.

Waiving intellectual property rights so developing countries could produce more vaccines would make a big difference in reaching global herd immunity. Otherwise, the pandemic will rage largely unmitigated among a significant share of the world’s population, resulting in increased deaths and a greater risk that a vaccine-resistant variant puts the world back on lockdown.

Amanda Marcotte: The Charlottesville model: Trump’s “fine people” praise of white nationalists is now GOP mainstream

Racist voting laws, love for killer cops, and encouraging violence against protesters: This is the post-Trump GOP

Former Democratic National Committee chair Howard Dean had some choice words for the modern Republican Party during a recent interview with Molly Jong-Fast of The Daily Beast. He called the GOP “racist” and “neo-fascist” and, hilariously, compared the Republican congressional caucus specifically to a “sentient YouTube comment section.” I expected there to be some outrage, but so far not so much. Apparently, even Republicans are running out of energy to deny what is obviously true about their party. Donald Trump’s only been out of office for a little over three months and his once-shocking levels of racism have now become just normal Republican politics.

In August 2017, Trump incited one of the larger of his nearly infinite controversies by insisting that a crowd of neo-Nazis and other white nationalists who gathered for a race riot in Charlottesville contained “very fine people” in it. Over the next few days, Trump did his usual thing of backing off the racist comments and then backing off the back-off. Ultimately, everyone walked away with the same general understanding: Trump’s heart was with the white nationalists and any half-hearted gestures otherwise were political theater no one actually took seriously. Efforts by conservative pundits to clean up Trump’s comments over the next few years were merely meant to get liberals to stop bugging them about it, not a genuine sign of confusion over where he stood on the matter.

Trump was constantly in the news for saying racist things, but this one stuck out because that crowd of “very fine people” that Trump had so much love for produced a murderer that day. James Fields Jr. rammed his car into a crowd of anti-racists that were counter-protesting, killing a woman named Heather Heyer and injuring 19 others, five critically. Fields went to prison for the attack, but Republican politicians, following Trump’s “very fine people” lead, have since moved to legalize what Fields did that day.

Paul Waldman: Republicans decide that for them to win, everything has to be a crisis

President Biden says we can solve our problems. Republicans say we’re spiraling toward chaos and collapse.

As President Biden reaches his 100th day in the White House, this is the shape of American political conflict: He wants to reassure the country that everything is under control, our problems are significant but solvable and things are getting better. The Republican Party, on the other hand, wants the country to believe that we are in a spiraling crisis, a nightmare of chaos and oppression that threatens to drag us to hell — if we aren’t already there.

There are hamburgers involved (seriously), but for his part, the president has so far implemented a strategy that seems almost designed to stay out of the news. Biden isn’t just refusing to be drawn into silly media controversies; he’s almost acting as though the national conversation is of minimal concern to him.

The contrast with the Donald Trump years couldn’t be stronger. Trump believed not only that he had to monopolize our attention for every waking moment, but also that conflict that had him at its center was inevitably good for him. Where Biden tries to tamp down disagreement and create the perception of stability — even if it means you can go for days without thinking about him — Trump wanted chaos, believing that he could ride it to success.

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The Breakfast Club (Hear My Voice)

Welcome to The Breakfast Club! We’re a disorganized group of rebel lefties who hang out and chat if and when we’re not too hungover we’ve been bailed out we’re not too exhausted from last night’s (CENSORED) the caffeine kicks in. Join us every weekday morning at 9am (ET) and weekend morning at 10:00am (ET) (or whenever we get around to it) to talk about current news and our boring lives and to make fun of LaEscapee! If we are ever running late, it’s PhilJD’s fault.

This Day in History

The Chernobyl nuclear accident; John Wilkes Booth, President Lincoln’s assassin, killed; Guernica bombed in the Spanish Civil War; Vermont enacts same-sex civil unions; TV star Lucille Ball dies.

Breakfast Tunes

Something to Think about over Coffee Prozac

They hear it come out, but they don’t know how it got there. They don’t understand that’s life’s way of talking. You don’t sing to feel better. You sing ’cause that’s a way of understanding life.

Ma Rainey

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What And Why Is “Cancel Culture”? – SOME MORE NEWS

Cody Johnston – News Dude: Hi. In today’s episode, we explore what, if any, aspect of cancel culture is actually real.

BobbyK for ek hornbeck

The Breakfast Club (Half Sandwich)

Welcome to The Breakfast Club!

AP’s Today in History for April 25th

Radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi born; ‘America’ first used on a world map; U.S. and Soviet troops meet in World War II; The Hubble Space Telescope deployed into orbit; Jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald born.

Breakfast Tune Lullaby of Birdland (Ella Fitzgerald), with Tapdance, banjo, accordion in Paris

Something to think about, Breakfast News & Blogs below

Something to think about over coffee prozac

Pondering the Pundits: Sunday Preview Edition

Pondering the Pundits: Sunday Preview Edition” is an Open Thread. It is a selection of editorials and opinions from around the news medium and the internet blogs. The intent is to provide a forum for your reactions and opinions, not just to the opinions presented, but to what ever you find important.

On Sunday mornings we present a preview of the guests on the morning talk shows so you can choose which ones to watch or some do something more worth your time on a Sunday morning.

Follow us on Twitter @StarsHollowGzt

The Sunday Talking Heads:

This Week with George Stephanopolis: The guests on Sunday’s “This Week” are: Dr. Anthony Fauci, Director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Rep. Karen Bass (D-CA); and Sen. Rick “Voldemort” Scott (R-FL).

The roundtable guests are: Former Gov. Chris Christie (R-NJ); Sara Fagan, Republican stategist; former Sen. Heidi Heitkamp (D-ND); and Angela Rye, CNN commentator.

Face the Nation: Host Margaret Brennan’s guests are: Gov. Mike DeWine (R-OH); Rep. Val Deming (D-FL); Sherrylyn Ifill, president of NCAAP local defense and education fund; Troy Finner, Houston police chief; and Scott Gottlieb MD, former FDA Commissioner.

Meet the Press with Chuck Todd: The guests on this week’s “MTP” are: Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN); Baltimore Policwe Commissioner Michael Harrison; Prof. Keith Mayes, Department of African American & African Studies in the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Minnesota; and Dr. Francis Collins, Director of the National Institutes of Health.

The panel guests are: Malcolm Gladwell, journalist; Peggy “Our Lady Of The Magic Dolphins” Noonan, columnist for The Wall Street Journal; Morgan Radford, NBC News correspondent; and Eugene Robinson, Washington Post columnist.

State of the Union with Jake Tapper and Dana Bash: Mr. Tapper’s guests are: Vice Pres. Kamala Harris; Sen. Joe Manchin (D-WV) and Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV).

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center>Secret White House Mystery

TMC for ek hornbeck

The Breakfast Club (Endless Variations)

Welcome to The Breakfast Club! We’re a disorganized group of rebel lefties who hang out and chat if and when we’re not too hungover we’ve been bailed out we’re not too exhausted from last night’s (CENSORED) the caffeine kicks in. Join us every weekday morning at 9am (ET) and weekend morning at 10:00am (ET) (or whenever we get around to it) to talk about current news and our boring lives and to make fun of LaEscapee! If we are ever running late, it’s PhilJD’s fault.

This Day in History

An aborted mission to free American hostages in Iran ends in disaster; Ireland’s ‘Easter Rising’ begins; Armenians face mass deportation during World War I; Singer Barbra Streisand born.

Breakfast Tunes

Something to Think about over Coffee Prozac

Diplomacy is like jazz: endless variations on a theme.

Richard Holbrooke

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Late Night Today

Late Night Today is for our readers who can’t stay awake to watch the shows. Everyone deserves a good laugh.

The Late Show with Stephen Colbert

The Oscars TV Show: The Movie

It’s a TV show that’s a movie about movies. Coming this Sunday.

Facts About Earth, Where Everyone Is Obsessed With Mark Johnson

It’s Earth Day and Stephen Colbert has harvested a bumper crop of facts about our home planet, including the fact that internet sensation Mark Johnson lives here!

Quarantinewhile… This Paint Is Even Whiter Than Conan O’Brien

Quarantinewhile… Like our dear friend Conan, this paint is super-white and has the power to save the world.

Tucker Carlson’s under-policing freak out

After Tucker Carlson freaks out on Fox News about under-policing, the police respond with an abundance of force.

Late Night with Seth Meyers

Rudy Giuliani’s Son Considering Challenging Cuomo for New York Governorship

Republicans Freak Out About DC Statehood and the Green New Deal: A Closer Look

Seth takes a closer look at House Democrats voting to admit Washington D.C. as the 51st state while Republicans freak out about everything from voting rights to the Green New Deal.

CORRECTIONS: Week of Monday, April 19

Seth Meyers takes a moment to address some of the errors from this week of Late Night, like mispronouncing “journeyman” before sharing the story of Phyllis Stein.

Jimmy Kimmel Live

Biden Saving Earth, Lie Witness News Oscars Edition & Bring Your Kid to Work Day

Jimmy’s son Billy woke them up in the middle of the night to ask about tarantulas, we put together a montage of moms and dads trying to work from home to celebrate “Bring Your Kid to Work Day,” President Joe Biden announced that the U.S. will cut carbon emissions in half by 2030 and so naturally many Republicans are against it, the Burning Man festival is coming back in August with proof of being vaccinated, and since the Oscars are on Sunday, we went out onto the street and asked people to tell us what they thought of the show, even though it hasn’t happened yet in a new edition of “Lie Witness News.”

The Late Late Show with James Corden

Enough with Mars, Let’s Make It About Earth Again

It’s Earth Day and James is hoping we can all turn our recent attention on Mars exploration to our home planet. And after James reconnects with guest camera operator, George, he gets into the headlines including President Joe Biden virtually linking up with world leaders to discuss climate. And the group debates whether James would enjoy a trip to Burning Man.

Pondering the Pundits

Pondering the Pundits” is an Open Thread. It is a selection of editorials and opinions from around the news media and the internet blogs. The intent is to provide a forum for your reactions and opinions, not just to the opinions presented, but to what ever you find important.

Thanks to ek hornbeck, click on the link and you can access all the past “Pondering the Pundits”.

Follow us on Twitter @StarsHollowGzt

Paul Krugman: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/22/opinion/coal-mine-workers-climate.html

A document from the United Mine Workers offers reason to hope.

“Change is coming, whether we seek it or not.” So declares a remarkable document titled “Preserving Coal Country,” released Monday by the United Mine Workers of America, in which the union — which at its peak represented half a million workers — accepts the reality that coal isn’t coming back. Instead, it argues, the goal should be “a true energy transition that will enhance opportunities for miners, their families and their communities.”

It’s good to see this kind of realism. Remember, back in 2016 Donald Trump promised that he would restore coal to its former greatness, reopening shuttered mines — and voters in coal country believed him. Many of them probably still imagine that something like that is possible.

The union, however, understands that it isn’t. What killed the mines wasn’t a “war on coal”; it was technological progress, first in the extraction of natural gas, then in solar and wind power. Generating electricity from coal would be economically unviable even if we didn’t have to worry about climate change.

Of course, we do need to worry about climate change, which is an existential threat to civilization. The question is how to address this threat.

Michelle Goldberg: Biden, the World Needs Your Help to End the Pandemic

The president should keep his promise on vaccine patents.

Last July, during the presidential campaign, Joe Biden promised the universal health care advocate Ady Barkan that he wouldn’t let intellectual property laws stand in the way of worldwide access to coronavirus vaccines.

“The World Health Organization is leading an unprecedented global effort to promote international cooperation in the search for Covid-19 treatments and vaccines,” said Barkan. “But Donald Trump has refused to join that effort, cutting America off from the rest of the world. If the U.S. discovers a vaccine first, will you commit to sharing that technology with other countries, and will you ensure there are no patents to stand in the way of other countries and companies mass-producing those lifesaving vaccines?”

Biden was unequivocal. “It lacks any human dignity, what we’re doing,” he said of Trump’s vaccine isolationism. “So the answer is yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. And it’s not only a good thing to do, it’s overwhelmingly in our interest to do.”

Yet now that Biden is in power, his perception of our interest doesn’t seem quite so clear. Last year, India and South Africa requested a waiver from World Trade Organization rules governing intellectual property for technology dealing with the pandemic. Dozens of mostly developing countries have since joined them. A handful of rich nations, including the United States, oppose the waiver, but there’s a widespread belief that if America changes its position, other countries will follow. Much of the world is waiting to see what Biden does.

Eugene Robinsosn: Derek Chauvin’s conviction shouldn’t feel like a victory. But it does.

That a jury saw George Floyd as fully human, and trusted their eyes and ears, is just a start.

It shouldn’t have been an open question whether a police officer could kneel on a man’s neck for more than nine minutes, snuffing out his life, with complete or even partial impunity. We shouldn’t have had to hold our collective breath from the moment it was announced there was a verdict in the Derek Chauvin trial to the moment that verdict was read. This shouldn’t feel so much like a victory.

But it does. The jurors in Chauvin’s trial trusted their eyes and ears. They saw the video of George Floyd pinned to the hard pavement, they heard him plead again and again that he couldn’t breathe, and they held Chauvin fully accountable.

They saw George Perry Floyd Jr. — fully — as a human being.

So many times, that simple acknowledgment of humanity has apparently been too much to ask. The police officers who killed Philando Castile, Michael Brown, Eric Garner and so many other Black men either were acquitted of wrongdoing or never even charged. Chauvin’s conviction is a tremendous relief — and, one hopes, a beginning. [..]

Right now, though, it is possible to feel both elation and relief. George Floyd won justice today. So did we all.

Richard L. Hasen: Republicans Aren’t Done Messing With Elections

Mr. Hasen is the author of several books about elections and democracy. Last year he proposed a 28th amendment to the Constitution to defend and expand voting rights.

Not content with limiting voting rights, they are threatening the integrity of vote counting itself.

A new, more dangerous front has opened in the voting wars, and it’s going to be much harder to counteract than the now-familiar fight over voting rules. At stake is something I never expected to worry about in the United States: the integrity of the vote count. The danger of manipulated election results looms.

We already know the contours of the battle over voter suppression. The public has been inundated with stories about Georgia’s new voting law, from Major League Baseball’s decision to pull the All-Star Game from Atlanta to criticism of new restrictions that prevent giving water to people waiting in long lines to vote. With lawsuits already filed against restrictive aspects of that law and with American companies and elite law firms lined up against Republican state efforts to make it harder to register and vote, there’s at least a fighting chance that the worst of these measures will be defeated or weakened.

The new threat of election subversion is even more concerning. These efforts target both personnel and policy; it is not clear if they are coordinated. They nonetheless represent a huge threat to American democracy itself.

Amanda Marcotte: Tucker Carlson’s immigration bait-and-switch betrays his desperation

No one denies that immigration brings change, Tucker — just that it’s racist to be angry about it

Fox News host Tucker Carlson is really determined to sell his audience on what is — and this cannot be stressed enough — a literal neo-Nazi conspiracy theory. Neo-Nazis and other white nationalist groups have long pushed the idea that a shadowy cabal of Jews is secretly conspiring to “remake” America and “steal” it from its rightful owners, white Christians. They are supposedly doing this by “importing” non-white people — who neo-Nazis believe to be mentally inferior and therefore easily controlled by the shadowy Jewish conspiracy — into the U.S.

Carlson’s only spin is replacing the word “Jews” with “Democrats,” but other than that, he’s lifting “replacement theory” wholesale from the neo-Nazi dregs of the internet and now is repackaging this ridiculous conspiracy theory as if it were an inarguable fact, much to the delight of white nationalists. And because Carlson’s main modus operandi is trolling, he’s relishing the negative attention he gets by hyping a racist conspiracy theory and he’s using his audience’s love of liberal-triggering to encourage them to mindlessly burrow deeper into the worldview of unapologetic fascists.

Carlson is a moral monster. It’s likely he has been this way since his high school “Dan White Society” days. Sadly, he is a monster that must be dealt with, despite the unfortunate risk of troll-feeding. It’s not just because Carlson has an audience that regularly tops 3 million viewers, though that alone is terrifying. It’s that he is a smart man whose strategy for selling this conspiracy theory is sinister and clever. To fight back, it’s crucial that progressives don’t fall into the trap he is setting.

Basically, Carlson is pulling off two bait-and-switch routines. First, he falsely conflates any cultural change with his ridiculous “replacement” conspiracy theory. Second, he tries to paint the debate as one over whether change is real — something that literally no one contests — so as to avoid talking about the real issue, which is how it’s nuclear-level racist to react to cultural change like it’s some kind of existential threat. In reality, it’s just what happens if you’re lucky to live long enough to experience it.

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The Transcontinental Railroad Unites | America: The Story of Us

North America’s first transcontinental railroad (known originally as the “Pacific Railroad” and later as the “Overland Route“) was a 1,912-mile (3,077 km) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants. Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds. The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi (212 km) of track from the road’s western terminus at Alameda/Oakland to Sacramento, California. The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California (CPRR) constructed 690 mi (1,110 km) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. The Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) built 1,085 mi (1,746 km) from the road’s eastern terminus at the Missouri River settlements of Council Bluffs and Omaha, Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit.

The railroad opened for through traffic between Sacramento and Omaha on May 10, 1869, when CPRR President Leland Stanford, ceremonially tapped the gold “Last Spike” (later often referred to as the “Golden Spike“) with a silver hammer at Promontory Summit. In the following six months, the last leg from Sacramento to San Francisco Bay was completed. The resulting coast-to-coast railroad connection revolutionized the settlement and economy of the American West. It brought the western states and territories into alignment with the northern Union states and made transporting passengers and goods coast-to-coast considerably quicker, safer and less expensive.

The Transcontinental Railroad unites the nation and transforms the Heartland. Native American civilizations decline as farmers settle the continent. Cattle replace wild buffalo as king of the Plains.

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